Limited diffusion pathways and pore blockage in single-phase zeolites restrict catalytic efficiency. Enhancing framework connectivity through intergrowths reduces mass transfer resistance.

Inefficient conversion of propylene to epoxide leads to byproduct formation and rapid catalyst deactivation. Improving these metrics reduces feedstock waste and operational downtime.

Conventional titanium zeolite production suffers from low incorporation rates and structural defects. Overcoming these limitations improves catalytic selectivity and framework stability.