Poor bonding between the thermosetting polymer matrix and glass fiber reinforcements leads to structural delamination. Improving this interface prevents mechanical failure under load.

Standard curing agents often result in high-viscosity mixtures that impede fiber wetting and processing. Reducing viscosity improves flow and impregnation in composite manufacturing.

Standard aliphatic polyamine systems often suffer from poor durability and chemical vulnerability in harsh environments. Enhancing the backbone with thioether or butenolide structures addresses the degradation of the polymer matrix.