Exposure to humidity or water causes aesthetic degradation and opacity in clearcoats. Preventing this failure mode ensures optical clarity and protective integrity in high-moisture environments.

Non-uniform distribution of resin particles in water-borne systems leads to phase separation and poor film integrity. Achieving high-homogeneity dispersions ensures predictable coating performance and storage life.

Wet-on-wet application processes often suffer from intermixing and visual irregularities during simultaneous curing. Minimizing these defects ensures high-quality finishes without requiring intermediate baking steps.