Inefficient formation of specific isomers during complex aromatic substitution. Improving selectivity reduces byproduct waste and purification complexity in herbicide and pharmaceutical precursor production.

Inefficient substitution patterns and byproduct formation during aromatic acylation and etherification. Improving precision reduces waste and purification costs.

Conventional aromatic substitution often suffers from poor yield and lack of positional control in complex aryl structures. Achieving precise functionalization at specific carbon sites enables the production of high-purity pharmaceutical intermediates.