Non-uniform growth and secondary particle aggregation during coprecipitation lead to poor tap density and structural instability. Achieving precise morphological control ensures higher volumetric energy density and mechanical durability in cathode active materials.

The presence of residual lithium salts and unwanted oxidation states like gamma-NiOOH degrades electrochemical stability. Eliminating these contaminants prevents secondary reactions and capacity loss during cycling.

Electrode materials suffer from chemical instability at the electrolyte interface during cycling. Reducing these interactions prevents capacity fade and impedance growth.

Non-uniform distribution of transition metals and inconsistent particle morphology during synthesis. Eliminating these defects ensures stable electrochemical performance and higher energy density in cathode materials.