High-nickel single crystal cathodes suffer from electrolyte decomposition and surface structural instability at high voltages. Mitigating these reactions prevents gas evolution and capacity fading.

Unprotected cathode surfaces undergo parasitic side reactions and phase transitions during cycling. Mitigating this degradation prevents capacity loss and thermal runaway.

Unstable surface structures in high-nickel cathode materials lead to parasitic side reactions and capacity fade. Stabilizing the particle surface prevents electrolyte decomposition and extends cycle life.

High impedance at the electrode-electrolyte interface restricts charge transfer rates. Reducing this resistance prevents power density loss and improves cycle life in solid-state systems.

Electrode surfaces react destructively with electrolyte components during cycling. Suppressing these chemical instabilities prevents impedance growth and capacity loss.