Interfacial bonding between coating and mold prevents clean separation. Resolving this failure mode reduces surface defects and cycle times.

Sensitive electronic and photovoltaic components suffer from rapid degradation when exposed to water vapor and oxygen. Preventing environmental ingress extends the operational lifespan of flexible devices.

Inconsistent transfer of micro-structures from molds to coatings leads to optical or functional defects. Achieving high-fidelity structural reproduction ensures predictable material properties and aesthetic uniformity.