Low efficiency in regenerating whole plants from transformed cereal cells. Overcoming this bottleneck allows for the practical application of genetic modifications in recalcitrant crops.

Pathogenic susceptibility and suboptimal seed composition limit agricultural productivity. Mitigating these biological vulnerabilities prevents total crop loss and commercial devaluation.

Spontaneous or insufficient restoration of fertility in G-type CMS lines prevents viable commercial seed production. Reliable fertility restoration ensures high-yield hybrid crop stability.

Chemical weed control agents frequently cause unintended damage or growth inhibition to the primary crop. Eliminating this sensitivity allows for higher application rates and broader weed control efficacy without yield loss.