Presence of residual byproducts and low-purity intermediates in the synthesis stream. Achieving high-purity chemical outputs enables downstream polymer grade compliance.

Suboptimal conversion rates and byproduct formation in multi-phase organic syntheses. Improving these metrics prevents feedstock waste and reduces downstream separation costs.

Standard alcohol conversion processes often suffer from poor selectivity toward short-chain olefins and high byproduct formation. Improving yield and selectivity enables more efficient production of bio-based chemical precursors.

Thermodynamic instability or incorrect spatial arrangement of unsaturated carboxylic acid double bonds. Achieving the preferred isomeric form ensures specific chemical properties and downstream processing compatibility.