Catalytic efficiency drops when active sites are improperly distributed or fouled during initial synthesis gas conversion. These innovations utilize specific thermal and chemical pretreatment protocols to stabilize the metal oxide structure and maximize reactive surface area.
The formation of molded bodies and specific preparation methods for high-temperature gas-phase reactions address the tendency of catalysts to crumble, lose surface area, or deform under thermal and physical stress. Maintaining structural integrity prevents pressure drops and maintains consistent reaction rates in industrial reactors.