Internal combustion engines produce diverse toxic emissions that escape untreated without integrated multi-stage processing. Eliminating residual ammonia and nitrogen oxides prevents environmental non-compliance.

Sulfur compounds in exhaust streams deactivate active catalytic sites through irreversible adsorption. Preventing this degradation maintains the efficiency of formaldehyde and nitrogen oxide reduction over time.

Low-temperature exhaust streams and transient engine loads prevent the full conversion of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. Eliminating these pollutants ensures compliance with stringent environmental regulations and prevents atmospheric toxicity.