Internal combustion engines produce harmful pollutants that fail environmental regulatory standards. Reducing these emissions ensures compliance and minimizes environmental impact.

Low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons is insufficient in standard exhaust streams. Reducing these hazardous emissions is required to meet environmental regulatory standards.

Untreated formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons in exhaust streams pose severe environmental and health risks. Mitigating these specific emissions ensures compliance with air quality standards and reduces atmospheric contamination.