Weak adhesion between lignocellulosic fibers leads to structural failure and delamination. Improving the interfacial bonding increases the mechanical durability and moisture resistance of composite panels.

Inconsistent chemical composition and physical distribution in raw biomass prevent uniform processing. Overcoming this variability ensures predictable material properties and higher extraction yields.

Weak bonding between reinforcing fibers and rubber matrices leads to composite delamination and structural failure. Enhancing this interface prevents mechanical separation and extends the fatigue life of reinforced rubber products.

Traditional wood panel adhesives release toxic volatile organic compounds during production and use. Eliminating these emissions ensures regulatory compliance and improves indoor air quality.