High residence times and uncontrolled temperatures during distillation cause product breakdown. Rapid cooling and supersonic expansion prevent chemical instability and yield loss.

Undetected temperature spikes in reactor tubes cause catalyst degradation and safety hazards. Monitoring these hotspots prevents reactor failure and ensures uniform reaction kinetics.

Inconsistent heat distribution during high-temperature sintering and debinding leads to structural defects and material instability. Achieving precise thermal control prevents product warping and ensures material integrity.

High energy consumption and heat loss during high-temperature catalytic reactions. Improving heat capture reduces operational costs and prevents thermal degradation of reactor components.

High-temperature endothermic reactions are limited by the rate at which thermal energy can be supplied to the reaction zone. Overcoming this bottleneck prevents thermal gradients and increases reaction throughput.