High flow resistance in filter walls reduces engine efficiency and fuel economy. Zoned coating minimizes pressure drop while maintaining required emission conversion rates.

Incomplete combustion leads to harmful levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. Reducing these pollutants is necessary to meet environmental regulations and prevent atmospheric degradation.

Inadequate oxidation rates during cold start and close-coupled engine operations. Improving reactivity at lower thermal thresholds prevents excessive tailpipe emissions.

Incomplete conversion of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons during engine operation. Reducing these pollutants ensures compliance with stringent environmental regulations and prevents atmospheric degradation.

Non-uniform distribution of exhaust gas and thermal gradients leads to inefficient use of precious metals across the substrate. Addressing this prevents localized catalyst aging and reduces excessive material costs.