Vulnerability to credential theft and unauthorized entry in shared or telematics-enabled vehicle environments. Establishing robust identity verification prevents malicious control and data breaches.

Standard proximity detection is susceptible to relay attacks and spoofing. Authenticated time measurement prevents unauthorized entry by ensuring physical presence through precise signal latency verification.

Inconsistent connection establishment between mobile devices and infrastructure. Resolving this prevents latency in time-sensitive vehicle-to-everything interactions.

Unreliable communication links caused by overlapping signals and environmental noise. Mitigating these conflicts ensures stable connectivity and data integrity in dense radio environments.