Uncontrolled electrical or thermal deviations in high-voltage storage units lead to catastrophic failure. Mitigating these risks prevents vehicle fires and ensures passenger safety.

Lack of granular data on individual cell health and safety within modular packs. Real-time monitoring prevents catastrophic failure and extends battery lifespan.

Internal deformation and cooling system malfunctions lead to catastrophic thermal runaway. Early detection of physical and thermal irregularities prevents hazardous battery degradation.

Degraded or inconsistent physical connections between cells and monitoring circuitry cause measurement errors and safety risks. Identifying these mechanical and electrical impairments ensures accurate state-of-health monitoring.