High electrical resistance and mechanical instability at cell-to-busbar interfaces. Eliminating these failures ensures consistent power delivery and prevents thermal runaway in high-density modules.

Battery housings often lack the mechanical strength to serve as load-bearing components within a vehicle chassis. Enhancing structural integration reduces total vehicle weight and improves crash safety performance.

Excessive heat accumulation and pressure buildup within high-voltage battery housings lead to catastrophic failure. Mitigating these thermal risks prevents cell-to-cell propagation and ensures structural integrity during malfunction.

Internal cell failures or external impacts lead to catastrophic energy discharge and thermal propagation. Mitigating these risks prevents system destruction and ensures operator safety.