Inadequate activation of immune pathways and rapid metabolic degradation of kinase inhibitors. Overcoming these limitations increases drug efficacy and prevents premature systemic clearance.

Endogenous natriuretic peptides suffer from rapid systemic clearance and poor metabolic stability. Grafting them onto antibody scaffolds prevents premature degradation and extends therapeutic circulation time.

Non-specific distribution of potent spindle protein inhibitors causes severe off-target damage. Targeted release at the tumor site prevents lethal systemic side effects.