Incomplete or inaccurate perception of the vehicle's surroundings leads to unsafe autonomous decision-making. Resolving this ensures reliable collision avoidance and operational safety in complex driving scenarios.

Inability to reliably identify and react to unpredictable obstacles like pedestrians, animals, or low-impact contact. Mitigating these risks prevents vehicle damage and injury in complex environments.

Autonomous systems lack objective metrics to verify the accuracy of environment maps and agent behaviors in real-time. Establishing rigorous validation prevents catastrophic failures in complex driving scenarios.