Difficulty in determining when cleaning agents are fully rinsed from surfaces leads to irritation or film buildup. Precise detection of rinsing progress prevents product wastage and ensures surface purity.

Liquid surfactant systems suffer from microbial degradation and chemical instability due to high water activity. Eliminating bulk water through solid or film formats prevents formula breakdown and reduces packaging volume.

Standard surfactant systems cause irritation and lipid depletion during mechanical friction or facial washing. Minimizing this damage preserves epidermal integrity and prevents post-cleansing inflammation.

Biosurfactant formulations often suffer from inadequate viscosity and phase separation. Stabilizing the flow behavior ensures consistent product delivery and shelf life.