Thrombosis and calcification risks in artificial valves lead to device failure and patient complications. Engineering the surface matrix and fiber orientation stabilizes blood flow and promotes endothelial integration to extend implant lifespan.
Biological and synthetic heart valve implants suffer from structural degradation through mineral accumulation and lethal blood clot formation. Eliminating these failure modes extends implant lifespan and reduces patient reliance on long-term anticoagulants.