High-current bidirectional transfer causes excessive heat buildup in cables and connectors. Preventing thermal failure ensures equipment longevity and user safety during high-power operation.

Incompatibility between diverse power architectures prevents efficient bidirectional energy exchange between vehicles and external loads. Standardizing these interfaces eliminates hardware-specific bottlenecks in mobile energy distribution.

Inconsistent synchronization between vehicle storage and external charging interfaces leads to grid instability or hardware damage. Resolving this ensures safe bidirectional energy transfer and prevents system failure during high-load transitions.

Communication and hardware mismatches between diverse vehicle architectures and external power sources prevent reliable energy transfer. Standardizing these interactions ensures seamless bidirectional power flow across heterogeneous battery systems.