Unregulated or excessive current flow during energy transfer leads to thermal degradation and component failure. Managing these limits prevents hardware damage and extends battery cycle life.

Uncoordinated power exchange between mobile storage units leads to energy loss and grid instability. Standardizing bidirectional flow management prevents battery degradation and maximizes recovery during vehicle-to-vehicle charging.

Incompatibility between diverse vehicle-mounted power supplies and stationary charging station architectures. Resolving this mismatch ensures universal energy transfer reliability across heterogeneous hardware platforms.

Uncontrolled power flow between the grid and vehicle leads to grid instability and inefficient energy transfer. Managing these fluctuations prevents hardware stress and ensures grid compatibility.