Insufficient volumetric and gravimetric capacity in active material layers. Increasing energy density is critical for extending electric vehicle range.

The keywords focus on the fundamental application and material composition of positive electrodes in electrical equipment. The primary limitation of current cathode architectures is the inability to store enough charge per unit volume or mass to meet high-capacity demands.

Poor physical contact between solid components prevents efficient ion and electron transport. Reducing this resistance ensures stable electrochemical performance in solid-state systems.

Low packing density and limited active material loading in cathode composites restrict the total energy stored per unit volume. Overcoming this limitation is critical for extending the range of powered vehicles and reducing the footprint of electrical equipment.