Misalignment between charging coils leads to energy loss and charging failure. Ensuring a stable connection across varying vehicle positions prevents power degradation.

Misalignment between moving vehicles and stationary power sources leads to energy transfer failure. Resolving this ensures continuous power delivery during transit.

Fixed charging stations limit vehicle mobility and operational uptime. Enabling dynamic or vehicle-to-vehicle energy exchange overcomes the spatial constraints of static power grids.

Vulnerability to fraudulent power consumption and insecure session initiation. Establishing robust verification prevents energy theft and ensures accurate billing synchronization.

Inaccurate identification of the physical engagement between the charging gun and vehicle leads to safety hazards or charging failure. Robust status detection prevents electrical arcing and ensures system readiness.