Non-uniform chemical layers during initial cycling lead to premature capacity loss and safety hazards. Standardizing the interface ensures long-term electrochemical stability and cycle life.

Low active material loading or poor packing density limits the total capacity of the cell. Increasing the energy density of the positive electrode directly improves the runtime and power-to-weight ratio of electrical equipment.

First-cycle lithium consumption during solid electrolyte interphase formation depletes active material reserves. Compensating for this deficiency prevents permanent energy density reduction and extends cycle life.

Poor initial cycle efficiency and capacity fade in high-energy lithium-ion systems. Improving these parameters prevents premature battery failure and extends operational lifespan in electric vehicles.

Poor physical contact between solid electrolytes and electrodes leads to high impedance and restricted ion transport. Reducing this resistance improves charge-discharge rates and cycle life in solid-state systems.