Standard glass surfaces suffer from visual degradation and structural vulnerability when integrated into consumer electronics. Enhancing surface durability prevents cosmetic wear and mechanical failure in high-touch environments.

Poor adhesion between dissimilar materials like ceramics, metals, and glass coatings leads to structural delamination. Improving interfacial integrity ensures mechanical durability and functional reliability in electronic housings.

Brittle failure and insufficient mechanical durability in thin glass-ceramic housings. Improving structural integrity prevents device breakage during drops or external stress.

Thermal expansion mismatches and poor chemical affinity between ceramic and metal surfaces cause joint failure. Achieving robust structural integration prevents mechanical delamination in high-stress environments.