Redundant components in separate drive and charging systems increase vehicle weight and volume. Integrating these functions reduces physical footprint and manufacturing complexity.

Excessive current during charging leads to overheating and accelerated cell degradation. Managing these limits prevents irreversible capacity loss and safety hazards.

Limited space and weight constraints in vehicles prevent the inclusion of high-capacity dedicated charging hardware. Utilizing existing powertrain components for energy conversion overcomes the physical bottleneck of slow or bulky external charging interfaces.

Uncontrolled handshakes and timing mismatches between the vehicle and external power sources lead to charging failures. Standardizing control logic prevents communication timeouts and hardware synchronization errors.

Separate charging and traction systems increase vehicle weight, volume, and manufacturing cost. Integrating these functions reduces hardware footprint and improves power density.