Suboptimal spatial arrangement and component interference in multi-source propulsion systems. Minimizing packaging volume and mechanical losses increases vehicle energy density.

Limited spatial volume for integrating multi-motor propulsion systems. Overcoming these constraints allows for enhanced vehicle maneuverability and dynamic torque distribution.

Inadequate mechanical restraint in electric drive reduction units. Preventing rolling ensures safety and regulatory compliance in integrated powertrains.

Inefficient spatial integration between the powertrain housing and vehicle chassis limits cabin space and increases vehicle footprint. Reducing assembly volume allows for higher energy density and improved vehicle packaging efficiency.

Fragmented powertrain components cause excessive spatial requirements and parasitic energy losses. Consolidating these systems reduces packaging volume and improves overall vehicle efficiency.