Sub-optimal operating temperatures cause capacity loss and reduced power delivery in electrochemical cells. Maintaining thermal equilibrium prevents irreversible chemical damage and ensures consistent discharge performance in cold environments.

Battery packs suffer from thermal runaway and uneven heat distribution during high-load operation. Mitigating these risks prevents catastrophic failure and extends operational lifespan.

Uncontrolled heat propagation between cells leads to catastrophic failure. Preventing rapid temperature escalation ensures safety and longevity in high-power electrical equipment.

Fluctuating operating temperatures cause performance degradation and safety risks in high-density energy storage. Maintaining precise thermal equilibrium prevents capacity loss and thermal runaway.