Vibration and thermal stress cause fatigue and fracture at the electrical junction between cells. Preventing these failures ensures long-term electrical continuity and pack safety.

Uncontrolled heat transfer between high-voltage components leads to systemic electrical failure. Mitigating this risk ensures structural integrity and safety in high-density energy storage.

Unprotected battery interconnections are vulnerable to short circuits and mechanical failures. Mitigating these risks prevents catastrophic system failure and improves operational safety.

Uncontrolled heat and energy release during structural compromise or cell failure. Preventing catastrophic pack-level failure during localized mechanical or thermal stress events.