Unprotected gaps and unstable footing between moving rail cars pose significant safety risks to passengers and crew. Mitigating these hazards ensures continuous cabin integrity and prevents falls during vehicle articulation.

Inadequate structural stability and ergonomic positioning during vehicle entry and cockpit interaction. Mitigating these risks prevents passenger injury and operator fatigue in high-clearance rail environments.

Mechanical stress and misalignment during articulation between coupled railway cars. Reducing these forces prevents structural failure and improves passenger safety during high-speed maneuvers.

Exposed gaps between rail vehicles create turbulence and safety risks during high-speed transit. Minimizing these openings reduces energy loss and improves structural stability.

Mechanical stress and misalignment between coupled rail vehicles during high-speed maneuvers or tight curves. Reducing these forces prevents derailment and structural fatigue.