Lithium consumption during the first cycle prevents full energy density utilization. Mitigating this deficit extends cycle life and increases usable capacity.

Interfacial degradation and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte boundary lead to capacity fade. Mitigating this instability prevents active material loss and extends cycle life.

Insufficient lithium ions during the first charge cycle limits energy density. Restoring lithium inventory prevents premature battery capacity fade.

Inherent stoichiometric limitations in iron phosphate structures restrict theoretical capacity. Overcoming this bottleneck increases the specific energy of lithium-ion power sources.