Inability to maintain safe separation from obstacles during dynamic maneuvers. Resolving this prevents collisions and ensures operational continuity in complex environments.

Variations in vehicle wheelbase and load distribution cause errors in kinematic state calculations. Resolving these uncertainties prevents control system instability and improves trajectory prediction accuracy.

Inaccurate assessment of the interface between the vehicle and the ground leads to control failures. Precise identification of surface friction prevents loss of vehicle stability.