Fluctuations in energy availability and demand create grid or device instability. Stabilizing these variations ensures continuous electrical equipment operation and prevents system failure.

High-density battery configurations suffer from localized heat buildup and uneven temperature distribution. Mitigating these thermal failures prevents cell degradation and catastrophic thermal runaway.

External liquid penetration into sensitive electrical enclosures. Preventing water-induced short circuits and corrosion ensures operational reliability in outdoor energy storage deployments.