Discontinuity and exposure between coupled moving vehicles create fall hazards and environmental vulnerability. Eliminating these gaps ensures continuous passenger safety and operational throughput during transit.

Misalignment or timing failures between vehicle doors and platform barriers. Resolving this prevents safety hazards and boarding delays.

Mechanical instability and safety risks caused by uncontrolled movement of seating components during vehicle operation. Eliminating this failure mode ensures passenger safety and structural integrity under kinetic loads.