Mechanical failure and delamination of the active material layer during cycling. Improving structural robustness prevents capacity loss and extends cycle life in high-energy density cells.

Discontinuous electrical contact within the electrode matrix limits rate capability and capacity utilization. Establishing a robust conductive network prevents high internal resistance and localized polarization.

Mechanical instability and delamination during high-volume manufacturing cycles. Ensuring structural integrity prevents premature cell failure and capacity loss.