Kinetic energy transfer during collisions causes severe occupant injury. Mitigating these forces through coordinated vehicle dynamics and restraint deployment reduces fatality rates and liability.

Dynamic environments and moving obstacles create immediate safety failures for automated systems. Mitigating these risks ensures operational continuity and prevents hardware destruction.

Variations in vehicle wheelbase and load distribution cause unpredictable handling during maneuvers. Addressing these physical uncertainties prevents trajectory deviation and stability loss.

Uncertainty in road surface conditions leads to catastrophic failure in vehicle stability and trajectory control. Accurate identification of surface-induced traction limits prevents loss of control during autonomous maneuvers.

Autonomous systems struggle with real-time path interference from moving entities. Reducing collision risk in shared traffic sections ensures operational safety and continuity.