Structural battery packs are vulnerable to ground strikes and debris that cause internal damage without visible external indicators. Identifying these hidden integrity failures prevents catastrophic thermal runaway and ensures long-term vehicle safety.

Vulnerability of battery enclosures to mechanical intrusion and debris strikes from the road surface. Mitigating this risk prevents catastrophic thermal runaway and structural failure of the energy storage system.

Vulnerability of internal battery cells to physical deformation and puncture from external forces. Preventing structural breach ensures operational safety and prevents thermal runaway.