Inconsistent system behavior during hardware degradation or control handovers leads to service interruptions. Standardizing state transitions ensures continuous safety and reliability under failure conditions.

Inconsistent state transitions between on-board controllers and zone controllers lead to operational deadlocks. Resolving this prevents safety-critical communication gaps and system-wide downtime.

Fluctuations in departure timing and operational delays cause irregular spacing between vehicles. Maintaining precise intervals prevents system congestion and optimizes passenger throughput.