Air pockets and non-uniform distribution within stacked cell layers prevent full electrochemical activation. Eliminating these voids ensures uniform ion transport and prevents localized cell degradation.

Trapped air and high surface tension prevent uniform electrolyte distribution within dense battery architectures. Eliminating dry spots ensures consistent electrochemical performance and prevents localized cell degradation.

Non-uniform distribution of electrolyte leads to internal dry spots and unpredictable cell swelling. Accurate measurement of thickness and internal saturation ensures electrochemical stability and prevents premature cell failure.