Standard manganese oxide configurations suffer from limited discharge capacity and voltage fade. Increasing lithium-to-manganese ratios addresses the insufficient energy storage capacity of conventional cathode structures.

Standard cathode materials suffer from limited charge storage capacity and restricted voltage windows. Increasing the lithium and manganese content addresses the fundamental capacity bottleneck in conventional layered oxides.

Structural instability during high-voltage charging leads to oxygen release and gas buildup. Eliminating this failure mode prevents cell swelling and capacity fade.