The combination of slag-based binders and pitch-based road surfaces addresses the inherent mechanical instability and poor interfacial bonding in heavy-duty pavement. Solving this prevents premature cracking and surface disintegration under environmental stress.

Loss of mechanical integrity and processing stability in recovered PVB materials. Restoring these properties allows for high-pressure hydrogen storage and structural membrane applications.

Semi-crystalline structures in plastic waste resist natural enzymatic breakdown. Overcoming this structural stability allows for the reduction of persistent environmental microplastic pollution.