Variations in skin permeability and poor contact between the applicator and epidermis lead to unpredictable dosage. Standardizing thermal and mechanical application ensures uniform absorption rates.

Variable skin resistance and mechanical elasticity prevent uniform delivery of active cosmetic compounds. Standardizing penetration depth and force ensures predictable transdermal flux and therapeutic efficacy.

High molecular weight peptides and non-polymeric compounds face significant transport resistance through the stratum corneum. Overcoming this barrier allows for non-invasive systemic or localized delivery of large therapeutic molecules.