Patients exhibit insufficient clinical improvement or resistance to standard monotherapy. Overcoming this limitation ensures efficacy in non-responsive populations through synergistic multi-pathway targeting.

Systemic administration of antiepileptics often fails to reach therapeutic thresholds in the brain due to the blood-brain barrier or rapid clearance. Achieving localized potency reduces systemic toxicity and prevents breakthrough seizures.

Rapid systemic clearance of active compounds limits sustained efficacy. Extending metabolic persistence reduces dosing frequency and prevents sub-therapeutic troughs.