Improperly dimensioned two-phase heat exchangers lead to thermal instability and inefficient phase transitions. Precise sizing prevents system failure and optimizes thermal management performance.

Standard welding heads cannot navigate the tight spatial constraints and complex geometries of heat exchanger tube sheets. Overcoming these physical obstructions allows for consistent hermetic seals in high-density assemblies.

Unintended electrical conduction through pressurized piping systems. Eliminating parasitic currents ensures signal integrity and operator safety in high-precision sensing environments.