Conventional manufacturing of nanomaterials and liquid products suffers from slow reaction rates and poor yield. Improving throughput and purity enables scalable production of advanced materials and chemical sensors.

Unprocessed byproduct streams create environmental liabilities and resource inefficiencies. Recovering high-value chemical precursors from waste reduces disposal costs and raw material dependency.

High impedance at the solid-solid interface limits ion transport and power density. Reducing this resistance improves rate capability and cycle life in solid-state systems.