Tumor immune evasion and systemic toxicity from non-localized T-cell activation drive treatment failure. These engineered constructs bridge specific tumor antigens with costimulatory receptors to restrict immune activation to the microenvironment.
Standard monotherapies fail to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression and limited antigen presentation. Combining targeted cytotoxicity with checkpoint inhibition addresses the failure of the immune system to recognize and eliminate resistant malignant cells.