Standard insulin therapy lacks autonomous regulation based on real-time blood sugar levels. Solving this prevents life-threatening hypoglycemic episodes and chronic hyperglycemic damage.

Rapid proteolytic degradation and poor pharmacokinetic profiles of native peptide hormones. Improving structural integrity extends therapeutic half-life and potency.

Rapid enzymatic degradation and short half-life of linear peptides in systemic circulation. Enhancing proteolytic resistance enables sustained therapeutic efficacy for chronic conditions.